The Michigan Corn Stover Project — Part 3: Cattle feeding study

Monica Jean<atkinmon@msu.edu>, Kevin Gould and Eric Anderson, Michigan State University Extension; Dennis Pennington, MSU Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences - September 15, 2017

The effects of feeding corn stover to cattle if you’re considering harvesting stover.

Bales were processed by a bale buster and fed as a percentage in the total mixed ration.

As the season winds down, farmers have to decide whether or not to harvest their stover. To help assist farmers, the Michigan Corn Stover Project has developed three articles and a bulletin to inform their decision-making process. This article covers the effect of feeding corn stover to cattle.

Key findings

Finishing steers in a feedlot operation can be fed a ration with up to 20 percent corn stover on a dry matter basis without significantly effecting performance.
Ration balancing is critical when factoring stover into cattle diets. Farmers much ensure that proper energy, protein and minerals are provided to meet cattle nutrient requirements and performance goals.

Table 1. Total ration components (dry mater %).
	Control	10 %	20 %
Corn stover	0	10	20
Dry rolled corn	26	26	25
High moisture corn	20	20	20
Corn silage	20	10	0
Dry distiller’s grains with solubles	30	30	31
Supplement¹	4	4	4

¹ Contained monensin (667 g/ton)

Table 2. Effects of dietary corn stover on cattle performance.
	Control	10% stover	20% stover
Final weight, lbs	1530	1532	1507
Average daily gain, lbs
0-end	3.5	3.5	3.4
Dry matter intake, lb/d
0-end	28^A	31^B	31^B
Corn intake	16^A	16^A	14^B
Gain/feed, lb gain/lb dry matter intake
0-end	0.12^A	0.11^B	0.11^C
Ration NE_m¹(Mcal/lb)	1.02^A	0.94^B	0.89^C
Carcass characteristics
Hot carc. wt., lb	872	874	860
Ribeye area, in	13	13	13
Marbling²	616	602	586
Backfat, in	0.28	0.29	0.26
Kidney, pelvic and heart fat, %	3.75^A	3.50^A	2.00^B
Quality grade³	20	20	19
Calc. yield grade	3.4	3.3	3.1

^ABCMeans in a row with unlike superscripts differ, α=0.05
¹Net energy for maintenance (NE_m)
²Marbling score: 600=modest; 700=moderate
³Quality grade: 19=Choice; 20=average Choice

The Michigan Corn Stover Project was a collaborative effort at Michigan State University Extension to investigate the uses of corn stover and potential impacts of harvest in Michigan. This effort was comprised of on-farm and small scale research conducted across Lower Michigan. It included a cattle feeding study, integrating a cover crop, bale storage study, harvest time evaluation and the impact of stover removal on yield of the subsequent crop. Funding for the multi-year project was obtained from the Michigan Corn Marketing Board and MSU’s Project GREEEN (Generating Research and Extension to meet Economic and Environmental Needs).

The objective of the cattle feeding study was to evaluate using stover as an alternative forage for cattle. The corn stover round bales were harvested at 45 percent for high moisture and 22 percent for low moisture and stored either covered or uncovered. The bales were processed by a bale buster and fed as a percentage in the total mixed ration (see picture). One hundred and forty-four Holstein yearling steers (eight head to a pen) averaging 952 pounds were fed 0, 10 or 20 percent stover on a dry matter basis. Nutrient composition and feedstuff composition of the rations are shown in Table 1.

Feeding corn stover increased dry matter intake, but average daily gain and carcass characteristics were similar among treatments. The calculated net energy for maintenance (NE_m) value for corn stover, derived from the feeding trial, was 0.19 Mcal/lb. Cattle were able to compensate for a lower energy diet containing less corn by increased intake when fed a 20 percent corn stover diet. The quality of the carcass was similar amongst treatments as measured by ribeye area, marbling, backfat, USDA calculated yield grade and USDA quality grade. Average choice was the overall quality grade.

The results indicated feeding stover had a significant effect on dry matter intake, but the carcass characteristics and weight gain remained similar among treatments. Corn stover can be harvested and fed as a component of a total mixed ration or retained in the field and grazed. Corn stover is a viable alternative forage for livestock owners, making economic sense when the cost of hay or other forage surpasses the cost to harvest, store and feed corn stover.

For more information on corn stover, please visit our other articles and bulletin:

This article was published by Michigan State University Extension. For more information, visit https://extension.msu.edu. To have a digest of information delivered straight to your email inbox, visit https://extension.msu.edu/newsletters. To contact an expert in your area, visit https://extension.msu.edu/experts, or call 888-MSUE4MI (888-678-3464).