Southwest Michigan fruit update – August 2, 2022

Michael Reinke<reinkem3@msu.edu>, William Shane and Cheyenne Sloan<sloanche@msu.edu>, Michigan State University Extension - August 02, 2022

Grapes are entering veraison. Fall bearing raspberries are beginning to color up ahead of harvest.

Wine grapes growing. — Some early hybrid wine grape varieties are beginning veraison. Here, Marquette has been coloring up for about a week. Harvest of this variety is likely only a month away. Photo by Mike Reinke, MSU Extension.

Weather

Last week was cool and dry. Most days had high temperatures in the low 80s, lows in the 50s. No significant rain was reported for the week throughout the southwest corner of the state.

This week will be warmer and wetter. Most of the week will see high temperatures in the mid to upper 80s with Wednesday getting up into the mid-90s. Lows for the week will be in the upper 60s to 70 degrees. This means we should expect heavy dews every morning which help disease development. The big chances of rain will come Wednesday afternoon through the day on Thursday with more chances on Sunday.

With the cooler week last week, we picked up fewer degree days, 196 growing degree days (GDD) base 42, 138 GDD base 50.

Southwest Michigan GDD summary from March 1 through August 1, 2022
Station	GDD 42 F	GDD 45 F	GDD 50 F
Benton Harbor (SWMREC)	2695	2347	1809
Lawton (Lawton)	2675	2329	1795
Fennville (TNRC)	2495	2156	1633
Average for the SW region	2644	2300	1768
Average last week	2450	2127	1630

Tree fruit

Sunburn damage from June continues to become more noticeable as fruit continue to size up ahead of ripening. Japanese beetle populations are still relatively high but holding steady. Brown marmorated stink bugs of the summer generation are still early stage immature juvenile beetles incapable of flight. Spotted wing drosophila numbers are just now starting to climb.

Peach and nectarine harvest of Virgil, Starfire, PF9A-007 and Red Haven is starting in Berrien County with John Boy to start soon. Split pits are an issue with some varieties having a light crop. Brown rot problems are increasing in some orchards.

The inside of a peach with fruit damage. — Oriental fruit moth is the major insect pest of stone fruit this time of year. Young larvae are small and white. Mature larvae getting close to pupation like the one in the right half of this peach are pink.

In cherries, leaf drop due to cherry leaf spot is becoming easier to see. Managing this disease should continue until at least mid-August so that trees overwinter in good shape.

In plums, Santa Rosa and some Ozark Premier are being harvested with Shiro winding down. The primary complaint continues to be sunburn symptoms on fruit due to high temperatures several weeks ago, brown rot, and bacterial spot.

Apple harvest of Earligold and Pristine has started. Symptoms of green crinkle are being seen this season in Pristine. This is a graft-transmitted virus that results in puckered fruit with sunken black spots. No cure is available for this disease. Preharvest treatments for harvest delay, stop drop, and shelf life are summarized in an article by MSU Extension apple specialist Anna Wallis.

Green crinkle disease on apple. — Green crinkle disease is a graft transmitted virus disease that sometimes shows up in certain varieties such as Pristine shown here. Use of virus-free planting stock eliminates this problem. Photo by Bill Shane, MSU Extension.

Fire blight continues to be a problem in young orchards with susceptible varieties and fertile soils pushing growth. High rates of Apogee and perhaps copper sprays are about the only partial remedy at this point. Timing sprays for the diseases sooty blotch and fly speck is based on the number of hours of wetting since the last spray, which can be obtained from the Enviroweather sooty blotch and flyspeck model. However, spacing out fungicide applications in the mid-summer due to lower risk of these diseases can increase the risk for establishment of black rot infections on fruit.

Apple maggot flies are being caught for the third week in the Trevor Nichols Research Center trapline. Monitoring for this pest with sticky traps should switch from yellow panels to red spheres as the females start to switch to egg laying. Using adjuvants with penetrating properties are important for effectiveness of insecticides for woolly aphids.

Codling moth and oriental fruit moth are the primary insect concerns for most orchards. Farm-specific trap counts for these two insects are the best guide for judging the need for treatment. In the mid to late summer the generations of these insects are less distinct, making spray timing according to biofix models less helpful.

Small fruit

Grape veraison has begun in several hybrid varieties including Marquette, Geneva Red, Noiret and Vanessa. Disease management of phomopsis, black rot, downy and powdery mildews are the primary focus currently. The heavy dews we are experiencing means it is important to maintain protection against Downy mildew. Powdery mildew has been troublesome this year at a few sites, likely due to the hot and humid but dry June speeding up development early this year.

Grape berry moth third generation should begin this week. This is the timing for the next major spray window for this pest. Don’t forget to maintain coverage in a couple weeks. Failures in continued coverage for the third generation caused problems last year. Choose your products wisely. Many pyrethroids are not very effective in high temperature times of year.

Blueberry harvest is in full swing in southwest Michigan. Mid-season varieties are in their second pick in most areas. Disease focus should continue to be on early fruit rot management. Even with the rain the past few weeks, irrigation should be continued to maintain moist soils, especially in sandy sites. Early fruit size is generally good, but continued water helps keep the berry sizes high for subsequent pickings. SWD populations have increased again over the last week, likely due to the rain and cooler temperatures. The numbers are starting to rise ahead of the expected August surge. Larvae are now beginning to be found in ripe fruit, especially in unmaintained blocks.

Bird damage scars in blueberries. — At this time of year, birds can be problems in small fruit. One tactic used is a device that emits loud predatory bird calls to scare off the birds feeding on the fruit. Photo by Mike Reinke, MSU Extension.

Bramble harvest continues. Fall bearing and everbearing raspberry and blackberry bloom continues. Maintain fungicide programs to protect from fruit rots and monitor for spotted wing drosophila so you can stay ahead of the expected population increase coming soon.

Cranberries are still green

Black currants are still being picked.

Chestnut burrs are developing. This is the time of year to begin protecting the burrs from chestnut weevil infestations. There are two species of weevils. The large chestnut weevil flight window is in August and September. The lesser chestnut weevil emerges in September and October. Both species are present in Michigan, but many locations only have one species. Monitoring can be valuable in determining which species you have and when to start your sprays. See this article for more information about the two species: “Chestnut weevil: A potential pest of Michigan Chestnuts.”

Hop cone development continues. Harvest for early varieties will begin soon. Mildew damage is causing browning on the cones of some advanced varieties. This will reduce harvest volumes.

Hop cone damage. — Hop cones are sensitive to several diseases including powdery mildew and downy mildew. We have seen damage from mildew in some advanced varieties this week. Photo by Mike Reinke, MSU Extension.

Upcoming meetings

The Blueberry Field Day is Aug. 24 at Trevor Nicholls Research Station in Fennville, Michigan. Register here.

This work is supported by the Crop Protection and Pest Management Program [grant no 2021-70006-35450] from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

This article was published by Michigan State University Extension. For more information, visit https://extension.msu.edu. To have a digest of information delivered straight to your email inbox, visit https://extension.msu.edu/newsletters. To contact an expert in your area, visit https://extension.msu.edu/experts, or call 888-MSUE4MI (888-678-3464).