Subfamily Hoplolaiminae

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ORDER RHABDITIDA
INFRAORDER TYLENCHOMORPHA
Family Hoplolaimidae
Subfamily Hoplolaiminae

“Hoplolaiminae. Female: Body straight, large (1-2 mm long). Lip region offset form body, wide, anteriorly flattened, with clearly marked annuli, and with longitudinal striae. Lateral field with four lines or less, generally areolated at level of phasmids and anteriorly, sometimes with striae irregularly scattered over entire field, rarely not areolated. Labial framework and stylet massive; stylet knobs ancho or tulip-shaped. DGO 3-10 um from stylet base. Esophageal glands overlap intestine dorsally and laterally; sometimes gland nuclei duplicated to a total of six nuclei; intestine symmetrically arranged between outstretched, equally developed. Tail short, rounded, phasmids enlarged to scutella erratically situated on body, anteriorly to anus level, and sometimes anterior to vulva level, not opposite each other. Male: Caudal alae enveloping tail, regular. Secondary sexual dimorphism visible in labial region and esophageal structures smaller in males.
 
Diagnosis:  Hoplolaiminae.  Lip region with longitudinal striae.  Cephalic framework massive, often yellow.  Spear knobs with anterior projections.  Esophageal glands overlapping intestine dorsally and laterally, with 3 to 6 nuclei.  Female tail shorter than anal body diameter.  One phasmid (scutellum) in anterior portion of body, the other posterior.
(Thorne's note:)  Taxonomy of Hoplolaiminae has been clarified by the exemplary works of Sher, making it relatively easy to identify the species of Hoplolaimus, Aorolaimus and Helicotylenchus found in the northern Great Plains.  Only one species of Hoplolaimus has been identified but more extensive collecting will probably reveal that certain variants observed are valid species.
(Description- Thorne, 1968)” From Powers and Mullin website http://nematode.unl.edu/      
References:

Powers T. and P. Mullin. Plant and Insect Parasitic Nematodes. University of Nebraska Nematology Website. http://nematode.unl.edu/speccom.htm

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